Number of eyespots and their intimidating effect on naı̈ve predators in the peacock butterfly
نویسندگان
چکیده
Sami Merilaita, Adrian Vallin, Ullasa Kodandaramaiah, Marina Dimitrova, Suvi Ruuskanen, and Toni Laaksonen Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland, and Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 17, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
منابع مشابه
Eyespot display in the peacock butterfly triggers antipredator behaviors in naïve adult fowl
Large conspicuous eyespots have evolved in multiple taxa and presumably function to thwart predator attacks. Traditionally, large eyespots were thought to discourage predator attacks because they mimicked eyes of the predators' own predators. However, this idea is controversial and the intimidating properties of eyespots have recently been suggested to simply be a consequence of their conspicuo...
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Numerous butterflies have circular patterns called eyespots on their wings. Explanations for their functional value have until recently remained hypothetical. However, several studies in the last few years have supported long-standing hypotheses, and the current paper reviews these recent advances. Large and conspicuous eyespots are thought to be effective by being intimidating to predators and...
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Eyespots are conspicuous circular features found on the wings of several lepidopteran insects. Two prominent hypotheses have been put forth explaining their function in an antipredatory role. The deflection hypothesis posits that eyespots enhance survival in direct physical encounters with predators by deflecting attacks away from vital parts of the body, whereas the intimidation hypothesis pos...
متن کامل"Development, Plasticity and Evolution of Butterfly Eyespot Patterns" (1996), by Paul M. Brakefield et al
Paul M. Brakefield and his research team in Leiden, the Netherlands, examined the development, plasticity, and evolution [6] of butterfly [7] eyespot patterns, and published their findings in Nature in 1996. Eyespots are eye-shaped color patterns that appear on the wings of some butterflies and birds [8] as well as on the skin of some fish [9] and reptiles. In butterflies, such as the peacock b...
متن کاملIntimidating butterflies.
Many butterfly species feature two or four conspicuously coloured eyespots on their wings; the most commonly heard explanation for these markings is that they are used to intimidate predators. However, this explanation has stood, until recently, on the flimsiest of empirical foundations. Now, Adrian Vallin and colleagues have demonstrated empirically the effectiveness of these signals in dissua...
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